Materi Part Of Speech

In English, there are 8 different part of word :

• Nouns
• Pronouns
• Adjectives
• Verbs
• Adverbs
• Conjunction
• Preposition
• Interjection

Each part of speech has a specific function and use.

Parts of Speech Classification

There are thousands of words in any language. But not all words have the same function. 

For example, some words express "action". Other words express a "thing". Other words "join" one word to another word. These are the "building blocks" of the language. Think of them as elements of the house. Concrete is used to make foundations or base. Bricks are for the wall. Window frame is placed to build the door and windows frames are created for making the doorways. To join all parts together in a house, cement is used as the element. Every part of the house has its own work. Building a sentence is not quite different from those analogies, different types of words are used. Each type of word has its own job.

A. Nouns

Definition: Are words that name :

• Thing : table , chair
• People : Mark, Jane , Jhone
• Animals : cat, dog , ant
• Places : New York, England

a noun can function in a sentence as a subject, a direct object, an Indirect object , an adjective or an adverb  etc.

Examples:

1. Sukinem is driving a car
2. Jane make a state budget report
3. the dog is in the garden
4. Let’s go to London

B. Pronouns

Pronouns: are words that replace nouns. Sometime we do not want to use a nouns so we  use a pronoun

Examples:

1. Hazard is in the kitchen. He is cooking
   Personal subject of pronouns : I, you, he, she, it, we, they
2. Paulo Dybowo does not like me
   Personal object of pronouns   : me, you, him, her, it, us, them
3. Is that David’s car? . No, it is mine
   Possesive of pronouns  : mine, your, his, hers

Person	Subject	Object	Possesive	Intensive / Reflexive
1st	I	Me	Mine	Myself
2nd	You	You	Yours	Yourself
3rd	He/She/It	Him/Her/It	His/Hers/Its	Himself/Herself/Itself

Person	Subject	Object	Possesive	Intensive / Reflexive
1st	We	Us	Ours	Ourselves
2nd	You	You	Yours	Yourselves
3rd	They	Them	Theirs	Themselves

C. Adjective
Definition : Adjectives modify nouns or pronouns by describing, identifying, or measuring words. Adjectives usually overtake modified nouns or pronouns.

Examples :

1. The quality or type :
   Ronaldo is driving a black car
2. The size  :
   Jeni is driving a big car
3. The number  :
   Lisa has several cars
4. Possession :
   It is his car

D. Verb
Definition: A verb used to express an action or state of being.

Examples :

1. Mom helps Rani do his tasks.
2. He is exercising.
3. The girls get  on the car.

One of the most urgent things about verbs is their relationship with time. The verb says whether something has happened, whether it will happen later, or if it happens now. For things that are happening now, we use the present tense of the verb; for something that has happened, we use the past tense; and for something that will happen later, we use the future tense.

Examples  of  tenses- changing verb :

Present	Past	Future
Look	Looked	Will Look
Move	Moved	Will Move
Talk	Talked	Will Talk

Present	Past	Future
See	Saw	Will See
Hear	Heard	Will Hear
Speak	Spoke	Will Speak

E. Adverb

Definition: A word that describe or modify  verb, an adjective, or adverb.

Examples :

1. Asensio is running quickly            ( adverb of manner)
2. Jane never drinks coffee             ( adverb of frequency)
3. We will go there next monday          ( adverb of place)

Adverb can also describe or modify other adverbs :
Asensio is running quickly > Asensio is running very quickly

Adverb can also describe or modify other adjectives:
Paijo is tired  > Paijo is very tired
The bus is expensive  >  the bus is very expensive



F. Preposition
Definition: a preposition describes the relationship between other words in a sentence. In it, words like "in" or "after" are rather meaningless and difficult to define in mere words.

Examples :
Aboard, below, from, throughout, concerning, past, since, about, beneath, and without.

1. This boy is from Bintaro.
2.  He is aboard the train.

Several commonly used preposition :

• about
• above
• according to
• along with
• among, apart from
• around
• excepting
• for
• from
• in addition to
• in back of
• throughout
• till
• to
• toward
• underneath
• unlike.

G. Conjunction

Definition: A conjunction is a word that "joins" or connects other words or groups of words. We can also state that conjunction joins two parts of the sentence.

Conjunctions have three basic forms:

• Single Word :
  (and, but, because, although) 
• Compound (often ending with as or that) :
  (provided that, as long as, in order that) 
• Correlative (surrounding an adverb or adjective) :
  (so...that) 

Examples:

1. I like cats and dog
2. The telephone rang while I was cooking dinner
3. They are hungry but I don’t have any food

H. Interjection

Definition: An interjection does not have a grammatical relationship with the rest of the sentence. An interjection is sometimes followed by an exclamation point (!) when written.

Examples:

1. Crap! Wow! Yuck! Yippee! Uh-oh! Well! Ah!
2. WEEE! I’m Swinging! 
3. OWW! This Hurts. 
4. Ah! I’ve won

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